A robust mathematical model for simulating wrinkle activity in 3D facial animations

In this paper we present a novel mathematical model for simulating wrinkle activity in 3D facial animations. We use a series of linked muscle segments that we call cordon muscles in order to model facial contractions. The affected vertices are interpolated towards their contraction targets across the object surface using a Hermite spline interpolation approach, while the interpolation weights are computed using trigonometrical functions. Skin bulges and wrinkles induced by contractions are simulated using a proposed modified form of the Rayleigh distribution function. The efficiency of the model proposed in this paper was proved by testes on various 3D surfaces with different curvature features. Our model helps enhancing facial expression realism while performing 3D facial animations.