Virtual electrodes mechanisms predictions with a current-lifted monodomain model

In this paper, we describe a monodomain model with a non-local source term that accounts for any intra- or extracellular applied current, and specifically for the usual virtual electrode polarization phenomena, at no additional cost. The source term is derived from a lifting principle applied to the resolution of the electrostatic balance equation in the parabolic-elliptic formulation of the bidomain equations.