Effect of contact angle, zeta potential and particles size on the in vitro studies of Al2O3 and SiO2 nanoparticles

Currently, nanometal oxides find their role in different biological applications such as tissue engineering, implant and bone replacement materials. Owing to the increased use of nanoparticles, it is necessary to understand their release and toxicity in the biological system. In this regard, three independent studies such as in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of nano- and micrometal oxide particles such as alumina (Al₂O₃) and silica (SiO₂) are evaluated. It is evident from cell viability study that nanoAl₂O₃ and SiO₂ particles are less toxic when compared with microAl₂O₃ and SiO₂ to NIH 3T3 cell lines up to 200 μg/ml. Antioxidant properties of micro- and nanoAl₂O₃ in terms of radical scavenging percentage for micro- and nanoAl₂O₃ are 59.1% and 72.1%, respectively, at 100 mg. Similarly, the radical scavenging percentage of nano- and bulk SiO₂ are 81.0% and 67.2%, respectively. The present study reveals that the cellular behaviour, interaction and biocompatibility of metal oxides differ with dose, particle size, contact angle and zeta potential. The present study opens up a new strategy to analyse in vitro nanotoxicity.