Gravitational Search Algorithm based Mobile Aggregator Sink nodes for energy efficient Wireless Sensor Networks

A novel method of data aggregation mechanism using mobile sink nodes in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is proposed to improve the lifetime of the sensor nodes. Usage of sink nodes in WSNs is in existence, to collect data from the Cluster Heads; those are located far from the Base Station. Such sink nodes, extend the lifetime of Cluster Heads by reducing the communication overload of it. In the proposed work, nodes are allowed to form as clusters and no Cluster Head election takes place. Instead, the role of Cluster Heads is taken over by the introduced mobile sink nodes to perform data gathering, data aggregation as well as communication operations. This results in increasing the lifetime of the sensor nodes. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is an optimization algorithm which is used for cluster formation and routing the data to achieve higher throughput. Simulations are carried out using Network Simulator. For the proposed and existing techniques, performance is evaluated and analyzed in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime. The simulation results are compared and discussed for the both proposed and existing techniques.