Empirical delay profile model for low antenna height base stations in broadband mobile communication systems

Small cells such as micro and pico cells, whose BS antennas are lower than neighboring buildings, are being installed to suppress co-channel interference. Thus a time spatial propagation (TSP) model that predicts the delay profile and spatial arrival angular profile characteristics of the traveling waves at the same time, for low-antenna-height BSs, is strongly required. This paper proposes an empirical delay profile prediction formula for low-antenna-height BSs that takes account of BS antenna height, distance from BS and city structure.