Numerical study on the critical detection of subsurface dielectric scatterers with GPR systems

In this work, a numerical investigation is presented on the correct location of dielectric scatterers in a shallow subsurface by means of Ground Penetrating Radars (GPRs) operating in testing conditions. It is specifically investigated the critical problem of detecting targets whose dimensions are comparable to the typical signal wavelengths and are buried very close to the interface where ground-coupled bistatic antenna systems operate. The quantitative analysis has mainly been led through full-wave numerical simulations from a customized implementation of a time-domain CAD tool. Two different types of GPR instruments have in particular been simulated, emphasizing what kind of differences can occur from their use. The relevant results are discussed within a theoretical frame that considers the different wave propagation contributions to the scattering problem, making also use for comparison of suitable experimental data from a laboratory setup. The significant information thus achieved finds application in a variety of practical scenarios involving GPR sensing.