Overview and test results of modern pilot schemes for coordination of line distance protection relays

The paper presents a short review of pilots schemes, which are available in modern line distance protection relays, and example results of common pilot schemes tests with the testing methods description. Some differences in implementations of selected pilot schemes have been shown for comparison reasons. Distance protection coordination functions have been tested for GE Multilin UR-series devices. Every type of available pilot scheme has been checked in synthetic test and during the real coordination between D60 and D90Plus devices. For POTT scheme, coordination between two L90 protections has been realized by a sort of available different telecommunication link types, for comparison reasons.