Title :
Analysis of Nonlinearities in Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers
Author :
Xiaoyan Gui ; Zhiming Chen ; Green, Michael M.
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Inf. & Electron., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, China
Abstract :
The locking range of injection-locked frequency dividers is investigated and it is shown that the presence of nonlinearities, such as those exhibited in a current mode logic (CML) D flip-flop (DFF)-based divider, can result in a wider frequency locking range. A new approach to evaluate such nonlinearities is described. A new divider topology benefiting from the nonlinearity is presented that exhibits both higher operating frequencies and similar locking range compared to the conventional CML DFF-based topology. The chip was fabricated through a TSMC 90-nm CMOS process.
Keywords :
CMOS integrated circuits; frequency dividers; CML DFF-based topology; D flip-flop-based divider; TSMC CMOS process; current mode logic; divider topology; frequency locking range; injection-locked frequency dividers; nonlinearity analysis; size 90 nm; Analytical models; Clocks; Frequency conversion; Ring oscillators; Sensitivity; Topology; Transistors; Frequency divider; injection locking; nonlinearity;
Journal_Title :
Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TMTT.2015.2396897
