Analysis of Nonlinearities in Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers

Author

Xiaoyan Gui ; Zhiming Chen ; Green, Michael M.

Author_Institution

Sch. of Inf. & Electron., Beijing Inst. of Technol., Beijing, China

Volume

63

Issue

3

fYear

2015

fDate

Mar-15

Firstpage

945

Lastpage

953

Abstract

The locking range of injection-locked frequency dividers is investigated and it is shown that the presence of nonlinearities, such as those exhibited in a current mode logic (CML) D flip-flop (DFF)-based divider, can result in a wider frequency locking range. A new approach to evaluate such nonlinearities is described. A new divider topology benefiting from the nonlinearity is presented that exhibits both higher operating frequencies and similar locking range compared to the conventional CML DFF-based topology. The chip was fabricated through a TSMC 90-nm CMOS process.

Keywords

CMOS integrated circuits; frequency dividers; CML DFF-based topology; D flip-flop-based divider; TSMC CMOS process; current mode logic; divider topology; frequency locking range; injection-locked frequency dividers; nonlinearity analysis; size 90 nm; Analytical models; Clocks; Frequency conversion; Ring oscillators; Sensitivity; Topology; Transistors; Frequency divider; injection locking; nonlinearity;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

0018-9480

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TMTT.2015.2396897

Filename

7038230