A realtime spatio-temporal watermarking scheme for H.264/AVC

This paper introduces a digital video watermarking scheme for real-time authentication of H.264/AVC compressed videos. The watermark signals, which represent the macroblock´s (MB) and frame´s indices, are embedded into the last nonzero quantized DCT value of blocks. Also, analyzing the detection error helps to distinguish malicious attacks from some common processing such as H.264/AVC recompression. Experimental results show that the distortion caused by our watermarking system is negligible, leading to a PSNR of about -0.78 dB and increasing the bitrate by just 3.6%. Furthermore, average bit correct rate (BCR) after H.264/AVC recompression is 0.725.