Development of economic incentives for harmonic and asymmetry reduction based on the concept of working power

With the introduction of renewable energy sources and the technological revolution known as smart grid, a review of the traditional energy accounts based on current standards needs to be addressed. The energy delivered to customers by distorted and asymmetrical voltages and currents has not only a useful component, but it can also have a harmful one. Unfortunately, traditional energy meters are not capable of distinguishing them. These components can be identified using a new concept of working, detrimental, and reflected energy meters. Measurement of these three components of energy delivery to the customers enables identification of the party responsible for waveform distortion and asymmetry in distribution systems and consequently, losses of revenue. This may create economic incentives for both the energy provider and customers aimed at the reduction of harmonics and asymmetry.