Low temperature casting of graphene into various 3-D shapes

Here we report a pH-mediated hydrothermal reduction method that combined with moulding methods, realizing fabrication of ultrahigh density graphene macrostructures with various shapes. This `compact graphene´ (CG) has a compressive strength of 361 MPa (6 times higher than conventional graphite products) and an excellent electrical conductivity. The processing steps are scalable and may contribute to new products. CG structures may be an ideal irradiation protection material for aerospace, atomic energy, and nuclear science due to its high density.