Hierarchical networks: Routing and clustering (A concise survey)

The network topologies enhancements are necessary in correspond to the growing of data networks. In this paper, large network problem is described. It includes the routing update cost. The concept of hierarchical network is explained as a considered solution. The hierarchical routing algorithms working methodology and protocols are presented and compared. In addition, it provides a sufficient description for the pros and cons of each protocol. The hierarchical network problems of cluster number, size distribution and number of levels, and solving approaches are discussed. This paper discusses how to identify the best clustering algorithm for wired, ad-hoc and wireless sensor networks. The optimization guidelines are explained.