Homotopy-enhanced power flow methods for general distribution networks with distributed generators

Power flow analysis of distribution systems needs special methods to handle the distributed generators (DGs) modeled as P-V nodes. However, many existing power flow methods often fail to solve this problem. This paper presents a homotopy-enhanced numerical method for power flow analysis of distribution networks with DGs modeled as P-V nodes. The method is applicable to general distribution networks and large-scale practical distribution networks. The proposed method is applied to several standard test systems and a practical 1101-node distribution network with promising results.