Design of intelligent optimal energy management system for hybrid power sources

This study designed an intelligent optimal energy management system for hybrid power sources including a fuel cell (FC) system and a battery module. In the proposed intelligent optimal energy management system, a simple fan temperature control is introduced to reduce the possible energy waste during the startup of the FC system. Moreover, a fuzzy hydrogen control is designed to manipulate the FC system stably and generate the same unit power with less hydrogen. In addition, a stable adaptive current-voltage fast-charging control is investigated to improve the charge speed in conventional constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) scheme with proportional-integral (PI) control. The objectives of fast charging, energy saving, power source protection, and system stability assurance can be simultaneously achieved. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent optimal energy management system is verified by experimental results. Its merits are indicated by comparing a conventional management system without the fan temperature control and with a fixed hydrogen pressure and a CC/CV charging framework.