Application of nanomaterials as coolants/ lubricants in machining

Machining is one of the most promising techniques used in manufacturing to generate workpiece with good surface finish and quality. High temperatures generated due to friction during machining adversely affect the quality of workpiece in spite of the use of cutting fluids. Application of conventional cutting fluids in machining threatens ecology and health of the workers. In order to combat the negative effects of conventional cutting fluids, ample research is in process to formulate modern cutting fluids endowed with user and eco friendly properties. This paper presents a wide spectrum of past and ongoing research on the formulation and performance of modern nanofluids as alternatives to conventional cutting fluids in machining. It is an attempt to focus on the affirmative effects of nanofluids in machining. The procedures implemented to prepare nanoparticles and nanoparticles are briefly presented. Basic properties of nanofluids, which affect the machining performance are discussed. Performance of nanofluids in terms of cutting forces, tool flank wear, cutting temperatures and surface finish is discussed.