Complex network theory based power grid vulnerability assessment from past to future

Complex network theory has brought novel concepts and methodology to the study of power network vulnerability, with significant results having been achieved over the past decade. Many countries are nowadays undergoing a revolution to a smart grid environment in which the smart grid will face increasing challenges arising from heavy reliance on cyber-infrastructure. In this environment, the smart grid will inevitably be exposed to a wide range of new security threats, e.g. cyber-attacks. This paper begins by introducing some basic concepts from complex network theory. Next, error and attack tolerance methodology based analysis models are reviewed in detail. The smart grid framework is then formed as a cyber-physical system, in essence modeled as an interdependent complex network. Finally some suggestions are made for future vulnerability analyses of the smart grid.