Distributed CFOs estimation and compensation in multi-cell cooperative networks

In this paper, we propose a fully distributed algorithm for frequency offsets estimation in multi-cell cooperative networks. The idea is based on belief propagation, resulting in that each base station or mobile user estimates its own frequency offsets by local computations and limited exchange of information with its direct neighbors in the cellular network. Such algorithm does not require any centralized information processing or knowledge of global network topology, thus is scalable with network size. Simulation results demonstrate the fast convergence of the algorithm and show that estimation mean-squared-error at each node touches the centralized Cramér-Rao bound within a few iterations of message exchange.