Size reduction of volcano monopole antenna for personal communication applications

We present a computer analysis of three different size reduction techniques on a volcano smoke planar antenna. A successfully structure size reduction was obtained using high permittivity substrates, partial cuts insertion, and slots insertion. We compare sizes of original antenna and the one modified, using reflection coefficient S₁₁, gain and radiation patterns as analysis parameters. The original bandwidth of 5.14 GHz is achieved with gains up to 8 dB and almost omnidirectional radiation patterns. The final structure has dimensions of 45 × 100 × 1.52 mm, representing a 62% size reduction of original design.