Optimal demand response in DC distribution networks

Direct current (DC) power systems have recently been proposed as a promising technology for distribution networks and microgrids. By eliminating unnecessary conversion stages, DC distribution systems can enable seamless integration of natively DC devices such as photovoltaic cells and batteries. Moreover, using DC technologies can overcome several disadvantages of alternating current (AC) distribution systems, such as synchronization requirements, reactive power compensation, and harmonics. Therefore, in this paper, we take the first steps towards designing demand response programs for DC distribution networks. We seek to adjust the internal parameters of various power electronics loads to assure reliable and efficient operation of the DC distribution system. In this regard, we first present an optimization-based foundation for demand response in DC distribution networks. Then, we devise a pricing mechanism to enforce optimal demand response in a distributed fashion. Simulation results are presented to assess the performance and to gain insights into the proposed demand-response paradigm.