Electric field sensing: What is brought by duality from flux gates?

Ways to sense electric field using PZT capacitors are investigated. Duality rules a priori apply to material physics, linking polarization to magnetization properties, i.e. D(E) to B(H) curves, but no real electrical flux gate or charge gate does exist which would be the dual of the common flux gate magnetometer. The Landau - Khalatnikov equations are applied to ferroelectric materials subjected to both a DC and an AC pumping signal. They are solved to get the model of the PZT capacitors dynamics. They are experimentally investigated using the Sawyer Tower method. A second harmonic detection is a way to extract the DC excitation.