Miniaturized paper based substrate microstrip antenna with slot configurations for automotive systems

The conventional microstrip antennas for automotive systems are limited to a short range communication, high loss performance and high cost. These limitations caused the increased number of traffic congestion and collisions in automotive field. This paper proposes a miniaturized microstrip dipole antenna embedded on sustainable paper material. It is shown that the proposed microstrip antenna based on paper substrate offers the lowest return loss of -25.82dB and widest bandwidth of 460MHz as compared to Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 and FR-4. In this work, the lower slot, upper slot and both upper and lower slots have been extracted on the surface of the dipole element. For lower slot, it resonates at 7.01GHz with -21.93dB return loss and 520MHz bandwidth while upper slot is shown to have the return loss and bandwidth of -31.33dB and 410MHz respectively at 6.86GHz. For both upper and lower slots, the antenna is shown to have -34.19dB return loss and 400MHz bandwidth at 6.61GHz. Furthermore, the material characterization has been carried out to characterize the dielectric properties of substrate materials. A novel algorithm based on Finite Element Method has been developed in this work to verify the analysis from the simulated results. Moreover, the scattering parameter measurements have been performed and the results have been compared with the simulated results.