Elevation directional channel properties at BS to evaluate 3D beamforming

This paper investigates the elevation directional channel properties at a base station (BS) based on ray-tracing simulation to evaluate the performance of 3D beamforming that controls the main beam direction of a BS antenna over both the azimuth dimension and elevation dimension. Results show that the average power elevation spectrum (PES) and the distribution of the elevation angular spread at BS do not depend on the BS antenna height. Moreover, we confirmed that when a mobile station (MS) exists in the vicinity of a BS in a line of sight (LOS) situation, the more the BS antenna height decreases, the more the elevation angular spread increases. Furthermore, the dispersion of the elevation median angle at BS is small compared to that for the azimuth case.