Statistic modeling for propagation in tunnels based on distributed antenna systems

Compared with the leaky feeder, distributed antenna systems (DAS) are treated as a more economic and promising solution to support radio coverage in tunnels. Based on the measurements performed in realistic subway tunnels in Madrid at 2.4 GHz, a statistic model for the propagation in tunnels is presented. Two groups of measurements (conducted in subway tunnels and railway tunnels, respectively) are employed to validate the model. The results in this paper could be helpful for networking planning and interference analysis in the design of DAS in tunnels.