Developing the multi-level functioning interface framework for DER models

The paper summarises several modelling applications of distributed energy resources (DERs) for various purposes, and describes the related operational issues regarding the complexity of the future distribution grid. Furthermore, a multi-level functioning interface framework is proposed for DER modelling. This framework clarifies the levels of details, and provides a service/control-objective oriented guideline on mapping modelling details. Meanwhile, it enables interfacing cross-domain mechanism inside DERs (e.g., thermal dynamics, chemical process, etc.) into the electrical world. The information mapping for photovoltaic panel (PV) modelling is also provided as an example.