Digital human modeling for ergonomic evaluation of patient table height

Laparoscopic techniques provide significant advantages to patients, such as shorter hospital stays, faster recovery times, and minimal scarring. However, poor ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery and failure to understand the ergonomics of laparoscopic surgery increase the discomfort and fatigue of the surgeon. According to a questionnaire designed by SAGES (Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons) task force on ergonomics in 1999, a large number of laparoscopic surgeons suffer frequent pain of the necks, and upper extremities pain [1]. One of the critical factors that cause these pains is the poorly adapted operation table height. The aim of this study is to investigate new technical solutions from ergonomic aspect to reduce the stress and strain on the surgeon during laparoscopic procedures. This was attempted by digital human modeling and its posture prediction when it is integrated into the operating room (OR) environment. The predicted postures at different heights of the OR table can then be evaluated in terms of discomfort measurement, and the optimal solution for an ergonomic table height can be determined with regard to the specific individual body size. We hope that by integrating this digital human model into the OR ergonomic simulation, we can provide an alternative approach with more efficiency and less cost compared with conventional ergonomics studies which rely on experiments and questionnaires.