Displacement prediction of landslide based on PSOGSA-ELM with mixed kernel

The prediction of landslide displacement is essential for carrying out to improve the disaster warning system and reduce casualties and property losses. This study applies a novel neural network technique, extreme learning machine (ELM) with kernel function, to landslide displacement prediction problem. However, the generalization performance of ELM with kernel function depends closely on the kernel types and the kernel parameters. In this paper, we use a convex combination of Gaussian kernel function and polynomial kernel function in ELM, which may use these two types of kernel functions´ advantages. In order to avoid blindness and inaccuracy in parameter selection, a novel hybrid optimization algorithm based on the combination of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is used to optimize the regularization parameter C, the Gaussian kernel parameter γ, the polynomial kernel parameter q and the mixing weight coefficient η. The performance of our model is verified through two case studies in Baishuihe landslide and Yuhuangge landslide.