A cross-layer protocol based on leach in Wireless Sensor Networks

Energy efficiency is one of the key considerations in WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks). Cross-layer design is a commonly-used technique for improving network performance, such as energy conservation. Based on LEACH (the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy algorithm) clustering routing protocol, this paper puts forward a cross-layer protocol called CL-LEACH for energy efficiency of clustered WSNs. By introducing FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) and taking its constellation size as the global cross-layer variance, CL-LEACH jointly considers physics layer, link layer, MAC layer and routing layer, accordingly, integrating a battery non-linearity discharge model, FSK orthogonal modulation scheme, TDMA and CSMA MAC protocols, and cluster routing algorithm. Simulation results reveal that CL-LEACH decreases, to a great extent, the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of clustered WSNs by comparison with the LEACH protocol.