Mitigating primary user emulation attacks in cognitive radio networks using advanced encryption standard

This paper considers primary user emulation attacks (PUEA) in cognitive radio networks operating in the white spaces of the digital TV (DTV) band. We propose a reliable AES-encrypted DTV scheme, in which an AES-encrypted reference signal is generated at the TV transmitter and used as the sync bytes of each DTV data frame. By allowing a shared secret between the transmitter and the receiver, the reference signal can be regenerated at the receiver and be used to achieve accurate identification of authorized primary users. We analyze the effectiveness of the proposed approach through both theoretical derivation and simulation examples. It is shown that with the AES-encrypted DTV scheme, the primary user can be detected with high accuracy and low false alarm rate under primary user emulation attacks. It should be emphasized that the proposed scheme requires no changes in hardware or system structure except of a plug-in AES chip. Potentially, it can be applied to today´s DTV system directly to mitigate primary user emulation attacks, and achieve efficient spectrum sharing.