Design of a wide beam wire antenna by differential evolution

This paper introduces a wide beam left hand circular polarization (LHCP) wire antenna using differential evolution algorithm (DE). The antenna is a twisted monopole. And its footprint is constrained within a square with less than half-wavelength side since it will be used as the element of a wide-angle scanning phased array. The software numerical electromagnetic code (NEC) based on the method of moments is used to simulate antenna since NEC simulates fast. The results obtained show that this method is effective and that the gains reach almost all larger than 0 dB, axial ratios less than 3 dB over a wide range from -70° to 70°. Although VSWR is about 2.6 over the frequency range of 22.9-23.5 GHz, impedance matching technique can reduce it to less than 1.5.