A pneumatic loudspeaker for intensive sounds

A pneumatic loudspeaker for intensive sounds is presented. It operates by modulation of air from over- and underpressure reservoirs, as opposed to siren-like loudspeakers that use compressed air only. The symmetric construction makes the behavior more linear both with respect to aperture amplitudes and frequency bandwidth. Therefore, it may be used as secondary source in industrial active noise control problems where generation of large volume velocities are necessary. It is also shown that a Hammerstein model can model the loudspeaker over a wide frequency band.