Grid Inertial Response-Based Probabilistic Determination of Energy Storage System Capacity Under High Solar Penetration

It is well known that responsive battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are effective means to improve the grid inertial response to various disturbances including the variability of the renewable generation. One of the major issues associated with its implementation is the difficulty in determining the required BESS capacity mainly due to the large amount of inherent uncertainties that cannot be accounted for deterministically. In this study, a probabilistic approach is proposed to properly size the BESS from the perspective of the system inertial response, as an application of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). The proposed approach enables a risk-informed decision-making process regarding 1)the acceptable level of solar penetration in a given system and 2)the desired BESS capacity (and minimum cost) to achieve an acceptable grid inertial response with a certain confidence level.