Loss compensation by disturbance observer on energy management controller for hybrid traction circuit

This paper deals with a frequency domain based energy management controller for energy storage devices (ESD). This paper presents a disturbance observer that estimates and compensates the loss of the ESD to keep stored energy of the ESD in an appropriate range. The authors use a disturbance observer to estimate the loss because it is difficult to make a model of the loss of the ESD. Simulation results show the loss observer is able to keep stored energy of the ESD near the reference. As the result, it is able to use smaller capacity of the ESD by avoiding over-discharge.