Fundamental phenomena of signal transmission in GHz region verification by experimental basis supported by simulation

Generally, voltage measurements have been based on ground as the zero level in spite of bounced state. A lot of misunderstanding might be generated without consideration of the bounced conditions [1]. Fundamental review is done by the single probing method that separate measurement for a signal and a ground in sub-GHz pulses. The result is extracted as the ground to be mirroring with signal swing exactly. Design of plane ground in PC boards or packages should be considered by this result. This paper will present the fundamental phenomena based on the measurement data supported by the simulation. And some guide line will be proposed for a tutorial basis.