Using a constellation of CubeSats for in-space optical 3D scanning

The assessment of in-space objects is an area of ongoing research. Characterization of resident space objects (RSOs) can be useful for assessing the operating status of operator-affiliated or non-affiliated space assets, identifying unknown objects or gathering additional details for known objects. Under the proposed approach, a ring-like constellation of CubeSats passes around the target (at a distance) collecting imagery. This imagery is then utilized to create a 3D model of the target. This paper considers several key elements of a constellation to perform this type of imaging, including the constellation design and imaging capabilities required and the astrodynamics relevant to maintaining formation. A discussion of the impact of the locations of the lighting sources is presented and the utility of this data for a variety of applications is assessed. Analysis of simulated test data is discussed.