Path dependency and angular anisoplanatism in non-Kolmogorov turbulence

We examine the effect of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on angular anisoplanatism. Generalized expressions for the isoplanatic angle in turbulence with non-Kolmogorov power-laws are developed in terms of the effective turbulence height, related turbulence moments, and characteristics lengths such as Striblings equivalent Fried parameter. We then compare the effective turbulence height and isoplanatic angle using the Hufnagel-Valley 5-7 (HV 5-7) and Mauna Kea (HV-MK) turbulence profiles at both the upper and lower power-law limits. In addition, using the HV-MK profile we consider the effect of a single non-Kolmogorov turbulent shear layer. We find that, for fixed path length and spatial coherence, a smaller power-law reduces the isoplanatic angle while larger power-laws increase it relative to theKolmogorov case. In contrast, when the turbulence strength profile is fixed smaller power law exponent the isoplanatic angle increases and decreases when the power law exponent is larger than the Kolmogorov value. Similar results are shown for the case of non-Kolmogorov shear layers.