Intelligent and adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) using FPGA

For the economic development and progress of any country, roads play an important role by providing transportation ease for goods as well as for passengers. The number of vehicles on road is increasing day by day which are controlled by the traditional Traffic Light Controller in the countries like India and other developing countries. In traditional Traffic Light Controller, fixed time is allotted for traffic on each road to pass irrespective of the traffic intensity. This is an inefficient controlling method which consumes time, effort and fuel of users unnecessarily; also it doesn´t have any provision of sensing and giving priority for the emergency vehicles to pass first. This problem is addressed by using Intelligent and Adaptive Traffic Light Controller (IA-TLC) implemented on FPGA using verilog as an example of FSM with 35 states. FPGA, microcontroller and ASIC designs have been used for traffic light controller. Reason for selecting FPGA is that it has numerous merits over microcontroller in TLC design. Some of these merits are high speed of operation, more number of input/output ports and better performance [1]. In IA-TLC density of traffic is sensed by using IR sensors throughout day and night, and accordingly time is allotted for users to pass. Other advantages of this system are: i) System senses emergency vehicles on the individual road moreover it gives priority to the traffic of that particular road where the emergency vehicles is sensed, ii) Finds out defaulter who crosses the red signal by capturing images using camera. IA-TLC is successfully implemented on Spartan 3E FPGA and same module is simulated for Spartan-3E, Spartan-6, Virtex-5 FPGA.