Coprime arrays and samplers for space-time adaptive processing

This paper extends the use of coprime arrays and samplers for the case of moving sources. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) plays an important role in estimating direction-of-arrivals (DOAs) and radial velocities of emitting sources. However, the detection performance is fundamentally limited by the array geometry and the temporal samplers at each sensor. Coprime arrays and coprime samplers offer an enhanced degree of freedom of O(MN) using only O(M + N) physical sensors or samples. In this paper, we propose coprime joint angle-Doppler estimation (coprime JADE), which incorporates both coprime arrays and coprime samplers with the STAP framework. Nonuniform time samples at different sensors can be used to generate a sampled autocorrelation matrix, from which we compute a spatial smoothed matrix. It will be proved that spatial smoothed matrices can be used in the MUSIC algorithm for parameter estimation. With sufficient snapshots, coprime JADE distinguishes O(M₁N₁M₂₂) independent sources if it corresponds to coprime arrays and coprime samplers with coprime integers (M₁;₁) and (M₂;N₂), respectively. It is verified through simulations that coprime JADE resolves the angle-Doppler information better compared to other conventional algorithms.