Deep geological repository for disposal of nuclear waste in the Czech Republic

The disposal of spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive waste originating mainly in the nuclear energy sector is a topic with huge social importance. The basic requirement of repositories for radioactive waste is the prevention of the escape of radionuclides into the biosphere. The safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel in deep geological repositories (DGR) is based on the so-called multi-barrier concept the first barrier of which consists of the waste package; the second barrier is made up of impermeable clay and the third is provided by the surrounding stable rock environment at a depth of 500m below the earth´s surface. DGRs are considered nuclear facilities and will feature both above-ground and underground premises. Hence such facilities are subject to the relevant requirements as set out in nuclear and mining legislation, underground construction engineering regulations and environmental considerations. The Czech Radioactive Waste Repository Authority (SURAO) is responsible for coordinating the huge range of activities which will eventually lead to the commissioning of the Czech DGR. Two variants concerning the technical design of the DGR, at different stages of development, are currently being considered.