The haptic interaction in virtual surgery based sliding mode control

What operation instruments interact with are human tissues and organs in virtual surgery. Because its impedance is nonlinear and unpredictable, the haptic interaction is difficult to be stable, especially when interacting with rigid tissues such as bone. To solve this difficult problem, this paper presents a sliding mode control algorithm based on Lyapunov theory to realize stable operation for virtual surgery which is never seen in previous research. The simulation results show that 1) the haptic interaction can remain stable when interacting with both soft tissues and large impedance tissues such as bone; 2) the haptic interaction can remain stable even when operation instruments interact with nonlinear impedance tissues.