Investigation of the impact of electric vehicles on the German market for control reserve

The opening of the market for control reserve for new technologies enables the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into this market and to generate potential revenue for the car owner. The intent of this paper is to investigate the impact of EVs and their additional bids on the German market for control reserve. This paper investigates the influence of the variation of bids in context of cost and revenues and identifies the amount of balancing energy that is provided by different bids normalized to a single EV. This happens with the aim of a model which con-tains, within the framework of the current design of the market for control reserve, a synthetic demand signal for negative sec-ondary control reserve (SCR), a data set with real tender infor-mation and fictitious bids. As result, the paper presents bid var-iations, which leading to attractive revenues and provide an incentive to participate in the German market for control re-serves.