Time-horizont distributed energy resources scheduling considering the integration of real-time pricing demand response

The energy resource management is becoming increasingly important and complex, because of the growing use of distributed generators and electric vehicles connected to the distribution network. This paper presents a platform to be used by virtual power players regarding the energy resource management in smart grids and considering day-ahead, hour-ahead, and real-time time-horizons. This method considers that the energy resources are managed by a virtual power player that establishes contracts with their owners. Two approaches are presented to the real-time scheduling, the use of direct load control demand response events, and the use of real-time pricing demand response. The model uses full AC power flow to take into account network constraints. A case study with a 33-bus distribution network and a large number of distributed energy resources is used to illustrate the platform.