Effects of power-to-gas on power systems: A case study of Denmark

The power-to-gas (PtG) technology is an energy storage option for variation management in power systems with high penetration of variable electricity generation. This paper investigates the effects of PtG units on the economic dispatch of power systems for the case of Denmark. The paper proposes a multi-period scheduling model for PtG based on a dc optimal power flow framework. The model has been used to study the operation of PtG in a simplified Danish power transmission system for a number of scenarios involving the sizes and locations of PtG over a period of one year. The results indicate that the utilization of PtG will reduce the total system operation cost by 4.1% and lead to a reduction in wind power curtailment of up to 2%, as well as a reduction in number of time steps with transmission network congestion. Distributing PtG over three locations in the system investigated will decrease the wind power curtailment even further.