Day-ahead primary power reserve planning and day-D primary frequency control of a Li-ion battery

Currently the increased grid penetration levels of renewable sources are at the expense of the conventional power plants. Future large scale development renewable generators can only be imagined if grid support functions, traditionally achieved by conventional power plants, will be provided by new technologies. Since grid support with energy storage devices is becoming more attractive, the aim of this paper is to analyze the viability of providing primary frequency regulation with a lithium-ion based energy storage system. A control strategy of the Energy Storage System is analyzed and simulated in terms of primary frequency regulation. Primary upward and primary downward frequency regulation are simulated for several time windows in a day and a SoC strategy regulation algorithm is applied. The control algorithm masters the SoC in a 20–80 % bandwith.