An Ocean Wind Doppler Model Based on the Generalized Curvature Ocean Surface Scattering Model

A Doppler centroid model based on the generalized curvature ocean surface scattering model (generalized curvature model or GCM) is presented. Two key features are included in this model: a skewness-related phase coefficient based on empirical skewness coefficients of sea-surface-slope probability density function (pdf) for wind speed less than 10 m/s and effects from wave breaking for wind speed greater than 10 m/s. Simulated values are exclusively compared with the empirical geophysical Doppler model function named CDOP, for and polarizations, various wind conditions, and incidence angles. Good agreement is found overall between CDOP and simulated values. The overall bias for simulated with and without skewness are 2.63 versus −0.51 Hz (14.6 versus −2.8 cm/s), respectively; overall standard deviations are 2.76 versus 3.53 Hz (15.3 versus 19.6 cm/s). For simulated , overall bias values with and without skewness are −0.16 versus −2.52 Hz (−0.9 versus −14 cm/s); standard deviations are 3.56 versus 4.32 Hz (19.7 versus 24 cm/s). The overall bias for simulated with and without the wave breaking component are −0.08 versus 0.12 Hz (−0.4 ve- sus 0.7 cm/s), respectively; corresponding standard deviations are 3.32 versus 4.75 Hz (18.4 versus 26.3 cm/s). Bias values for simulated with and without the wave breaking component are −1.83 versus −2.02 Hz (−10.2 versus −11.2 cm/s), with corresponding overall standard deviations of 3.43 versus 4.87 Hz (19 versus 27 cm/s). The largest deviation from CDOP, of about 18 Hz (0.99 m/s), is found in the upwind direction for a 26° incidence angle, 10-m/s wind speed, and polarization.