Insights Into Applications of IEEE Standards for Ground-Fault Protection in Industrial and Commercial Power Systems

This paper intends to show some special topics on ground-fault protection. Single-line-to-ground faults are the most common fault type, the protection engineer has to understand how often these occur, the nature, and also the effects of a single-phase arcing fault. System grounding also affects the magnitude of fault current, protective devices selection, and settings. This paper discusses line-to-ground (LG) and associated issues, such as transformer energization and line-charging current. Such considerations shall be addressed when setting grounding relays and to adopt the best LG protection practices.