Planar compact triple-band monopole antenna for IEEE 802.16 m worldwide interoperability for microwave access system

Planar compact monopole antenna design with triple-band operation for the IEEE 802.16 m worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) system is proposed. By adding C- and L-shaped monopole strips to the antenna, excitation of multi-resonant modes can approximate the 2.6, 3.5 and 5.5 GHz bands required for WiMAX (IEEE 802.16 m) operations. The obtained impedance bandwidths across the operating bands approach 168/325/1208 MHz for the 2.6/3.5/5.5 GHz bands, respectively. The model proposed in this study can also operate with an antenna 15% smaller than conventional antennas. The antenna is small enough to be embedded in an USB dongle since overall antenna volume is only 22 × 28 × 0.8 mm³. The measured peak gains and radiation efficiencies approximate 3.0/4.2/4.5 dBi and 77/76/83% in the 2.6/3.5/5.5 GHz band, respectively, and exhibit a nearly omni-directional pattern in the XY-plane.