Upwelling Parameters From Bias-Corrected Composite Satellite SST Maps in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

This letter proposes a method for using the operational ship of opportunity temperature data at a fixed depth for bias correction of satellite sea surface temperature (SST) images. The bias-corrected SST imagery from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) sensors were used to calculate mean upwelling characteristics in the Gulf of Finland (GoF, Baltic Sea). First, we determined that the operational flow through temperature data at a 4-m depth can be used for validation and bias correction of satellite SST images in cases of wind speed over 5 m · s^-1. The composite sea temperature maps were calculated from bias-corrected images collected during upwelling events in the GoF, in 2000-2009. Mean upwelling characteristics were estimated from composite maps for both the northern and southern coasts of the gulf.