Study of electromagnetically coupled stacked rectangular patch antennas

A technique for the analysis of electromagnetically coupled multilayer stacked patch antennas fed by coaxial probes is presented. It is based on the electric field integral equation and exploits the Galerkin procedure in the spectral domain for the solution of the equation. The technique is used to investigate the characteristics of a two-layer stacked rectangular patch antenna. The effects of substrate material, patch size, patch displacement and radome on the input impedance or on radiation patterns are presented. The results shed light on the direction of changes in the antenna´s characteristics the with above mentioned parameters and hence are useful, when designing to shift the resonant frequencies, equalise the input impedances at the resonances, broaden the bandwidth and estimate changes in the radiation patterns