Modeling and design of electromagnetically coupled microstrip-patch antennas and antenna arrays

This work is an effort to investigate and derive a simple equivalent-circuit model to represent an electromagnetically coupled microstrip-patch antenna. A simplified theory is developed, based on the broadside-coupled lines and improved-transmission-line methods, to provide for the practical design of such antennas without involving complicated, time-consuming, difficult numerical methods. A number of sample patches are designed, made, and tested to verify the theory. These patches are also incorporated into an array, to evaluate their performance in an array environment