Choice of Regulator for Mutual Network Synchronization

This paper compares time-discrete regulators used for mutual single-ended synchronization of digital networks. The regulators control the phase differences between clocks in the network nodes. These clocks are disturbed mainly by short-term phase and frequency fluctuations and long-term linear frequency drift. The characteristics of the regulators under study are stability, engineering, and implentation. The main results of the stability analysis are that the regulator brings about a constant slip rate, the regulator is not slip-free, the Pll2regulator is slip-free. With nonzero initial phase differences and jitter, the stability of the regulators containing integrators is secured by not regulating one of the nodes. In conclusion, the Pll2regulator is the best choice for single-ended mutual network synchronization.